Measurable biological signals, such as blood markers, epigenetic clocks, or functional tests, used to estimate how a person's body is aging compared to their calendar age.

Biomarkers of aging are the measurable data points researchers use to estimate biological age and predict disease risk before symptoms appear. These range from blood-based markers and epigenetic clocks to functional tests like grip strength or walking speed.

No single biomarker tells the full story. Researchers increasingly combine multiple markers, sometimes with AI models, to build a more complete picture of how a person is aging and where prevention efforts might help most.

A biomarker result is a signal, not a diagnosis. Consumer biological age tests report a single number, but that number reflects the markers chosen and the model used to calculate it. Different tests can produce different results for the same person.

Research publication: Definitions reflect current research status and are for educational purposes. This is not medical advice.